Networking

From TechWiki

Contents

[edit]

Note

If you want a Linux server, a Mac and a Windows machine to get along with each other and don't want to mess with Samba or NFD and want centralized data storage and want network printing, just get an Ethernet hard disk Custom (yes, you still ned to get a printer) and voila!

[edit]

Setup

See Custom

[edit]

Commands

For bandwidth monitoring tools, see Linux Commands.

  • Resolve IP number 
host whatever.domain.com
  • Edit network interface settings: 
/sbin/ifconfig

Adding network interface: 

ifconfig eth0 IP netmask number up
  • Kernel routing table: 
/sbin/route

Add gateway: 

route add default gw IP
  • Netwot interfaces: 
/etc/network/interfaces
  • Host names in: 
/etc/hosts

something like: 

127.0.0.1       localhost.localdomain   localhost       core1
client-IP clientname clientname
  • Hostname: 
hostname

read from: 

/etc/hostname
  • Nameserver in: 
/etc/resolv.conf
  • Get IP: 
nslookup url
  • Test IP with: 
ping IP
[edit]

NFS

Network File System: allow machines to mount a disk partition on a remote machine as if it were on a local hard drive.

Packages used: 

nfs-common
nfs-kernel-server or nfs-user-server (only the latter worked)

Howto:

[edit]

Shortcuts

In /usr/sbin/: 

rpc.mountd
rpc.nfsd


[edit]

DHCP

[edit]

Basic Setup

Every time you boot a computer attached to the network, the router assigns it a new IP (via DHCP, using dhclient). Hence in a network with e.g. laptops, as a result, IPs can vary. So static setups like /etc/hosts won't be enough.

Setting up a DHCP server, allows the automatic assignment of IP and names via the MAC address.

  • Install: 
apt-get install dhcp
  • Daemon: 
/etc/init.d/dhcp {start|stop|restart|force-reload}
  • Configuration: 
/etc/dhcpd.conf

something like: 

default-lease-time 600;
max-lease-time 7200;
subnet 192.168.123.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
       # Domainname
       option domain-name "nucleus";
       # DNS
       option domain-name-servers DNS-IP1, DNS-IP2;
       # Internet-Gateway (Router)
       option routers IP;
       # Router
       option subnet-mask 255.255.248.0;
       option broadcast-address 192.168.123.255;
       # Configuration clients
       host host1
       { hardware ethernet MAC address (seperated with :);
         fixed-address Assigned-IP;
       }
       range 192.168.1.200 192.168.1.200;
}

Now you can set up names and IPs in /etc/hosts.

Note that some routers allow static assignments of IPs via MAC addresses. And if your router is enabled as a DHCP-server, disable the service.

More here: linux-fuer-alle.de.

[edit]

Automatic Configuration during Boot Time

ln -s /etc/init.d/dhcp /etc/rc4.d/S02dhcp
  • Edit /etc/network/interfaces: 
iface eth0 inet static
       address 192.168.0.1
       netmask 255.255.255.0
       broadcast 192.168.0.255
       gareway 192.168.1.254


[edit]

Samba

Linking the Windows and Linux world. Can also be used to link Mac OSX.

Install: 

apt-get install samba
apt-get install samba-common
apt-get install swat (webbased admin tool)

To mount Samba devices, install smbfs, i.e., 

apt-get install smbfs

Define shares in /etc/samba/smb.conf, e.g.: 

[homes]
  comment = Home Directories
  browseable = no
Retrieved from "http://j-node.homeip.net/tech_wiki/index.php/Networking"